2023-2024 Undergraduate Catalog

Accounting

Cal Lutheran's program in accounting prepares students not only for a career as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), but also for employment in private industry, nonprofit organizations, higher education, and government agencies. The curriculum provides a careful balance of practice and theory, and consists of a solid liberal arts core, a carefully selected set of business-related classes, and intensive work in various aspects of accounting. Accordingly, students are also well-prepared for graduate studies and have been successful in passing the CPA exam. 

Accountants perform an essential and highly-valued service for business and industry. Moreover, they perform a myriad of tasks in a variety of settings. They may compile detailed records of business transactions, prepare financial statements, perform audits, prepare tax returns, and assist in tax planning and managerial decision-making. They may also analyze financial information and provide small-business consulting services. Since the accountant of today must be a "jack-of-all-trades" who can fit comfortably into any business setting, Cal Lutheran's accounting majors receive extensive preparation in both general business and the liberal arts.

Many of Cal Lutheran's accounting majors have been successful in securing internships with local businesses and accounting firms, and many are offered full-time positions upon graduation. These opportunities enable Cal Lutheran's accounting students to gain hands-on experience as they begin to narrow their focus to a particular career path. In recent years, students have been employed by Ernst & Young, KPMG, Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, CBIZ, Sony Pictures, NASA, Walt Disney Company, and many others. According to many studies, employment opportunities for accountants are expected to continue to grow at a faster pace than most other professions.

The Accounting Association, a student-run organization at Cal Lutheran (with faculty advisers), has been in place since 1984. This student club arranges for guest speakers, social events, and fundraisers. Many Cal Lutheran students get their first "taste" of the accounting world, and form key friendships, by attending Accounting Association functions.

The mission of Cal Lutheran’s program in Accounting is to prepare students for a career in public accounting, private industry, governmental/nonprofit accounting, and accounting education; for professional exams such as the CPA and CMA; and for graduate studies. Concomitant student goals are to acquire a well-rounded and solid footing in the liberal arts, to think critically and independently, to communicate effectively both orally and in writing, to maintain high ethical standards, to be good global citizens, and to understand and appreciate the diverse nature of human beings.

Bachelor of Science in Accounting

76-78 credits minimum, 60 credits upper division.

BUS 251Principles of Accounting4
BUS 252Managerial Accounting4
Select one of the following Economics sequence4-6
General Economics (or)
Introduction to Micro-Economics and Introduction to MacRo Economics
MATH 245Applied Calculus4
BUS 352AIntermediate Accounting4
BUS 352BIntermediate Accounting II4
BUS 353Accounting Information Systems4
BUS 367Behavior in Organizations4
BUS 374Business Law,4,
BUS 391Principles of Finance,4,
BUS 451Cost Accounting - Computer Application4
BUS 452Tax I4
BUS 453Auditing4
BUS 454Advanced Accounting4
BUS 455Ethics for the Accounting Professional4
BUS 462Tax II4
BUS 301Communication for Managers4
or COMM 306 Business and Professional Communication
ECON 311Statistical Methods4
Accounting Information Systems
BUS 484Senior Seminar in Accounting - Capstone4

Courses

Lower Division

BUS 151. Introduction to Business. (2).

This course introduces students to key foundational skills in business literacy, introductory business writing, business courtesy, business reading, and business networking. It provides students with opportunities to immerse in the business fields and form a sense of community. It is designed for first-year business students and first-semester transfer students to learn about the business landscape and set the foundation to further pursue a business education.

BUS 251. Principles of Accounting. (4).

An introduction to the basic assumptions that underlie modern accounting: the principles, procedures and methods applied in the preparation of financial statements.

BUS 252. Managerial Accounting. (4).

An examination of how accounting data is used, communicated and interpreted for internal use. Emphasis is placed on planning, control and decision making, particularly in a manufacturing setting. This course will include instruction in and application of computer spreadsheet programs. The student will be required to use word-processing and spreadsheet programs for work submitted during this course. In addition, an introduction to and use of Internet research resources are included in the course syllabus. Prerequisite: BUS 251.

BUS 253. Financial Info in Bus Organization. (4).

This course is designed for non-business majors who are not required to take Principles of Accounting or Managerial Accounting. The intent of the course is to provide students with sufficient background in accounting and finance to allow them to function more effectively in their chosen careers. To that end, the course will cover the basics of financial accounting and managerial accounting, with some additional material typically covered in finance and economics courses.

BUS 255. Environment of Business. (4).

This course provides an introduction to and an overview of topics and disciplines addressed and taught in a typical Schools of Management curriculum. The topics are important background for the non-business major. It is an introductory-level treatment of course topics required in business emphasis areas: Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Management, Economics, and others. Career Services on campus are the basis for assignments with a focus on career readiness. Spreadsheet software is taught and used for completing assignments for the course. Importantly, expectations and standards for further coursework will be communicated so students are better able to set goals for success in their academic pursuits and chosen career.

BUS 256. Business Analytics I. (2).

This course introduces and explores the use of data analytics applied in business disciplines. The course focuses on effective communication of data, including descriptive analytics, data visualization, storytelling with data, and thinking critically about data. Prerequisite: MATH-110 or higher.

BUS 257. Practicum in Accounting. (2).

Basic principles of accounting will be presented as a review for a solid foundation in GAAP and accounting. The course will include theory, as well as the completion of hands on financial statements using Excel and other software.

BUS 260. Personal Financial Planning & Risk Mgmt. (4).

Focuses on the general principles of financial planning, including: the financial planning process, the regulatory and ethical environment, consumer protection law, personal financial statements, budgeting, debt financing, educational planning, and client communication. Also provides an in-depth introduction to risk management and insurance, including life, health, disability, long-term care, property and casualty, umbrella liability and annuities.

BUS 282. Selected Topics. (1-4).

BUS 282C. ST: Select Topic (core). (1-4).

Select topic approved to satisfy core.

BUS 2ST. Special Topics. (4).

BUS 4ST. Selected Topic. (4).

Upper Division

BUS 301. Communication for Managers. (4).

The study of business communications methods with emphasis on planning, organizing, preparing and presenting major reports. Significant use of computer skills will be included, as well as design and structure of communication materials for the highest levels of impact.

BUS 330. Fundaments of Sustainable Business. (4).

The course provides comprehensive introduction to the sustainability concept & its major themes such as renewable resources, clean enerby & fuel orgnizations and other stakeholders in building the organizations's business model & strategies for a sustainable future is examined. Student explore opportunities for individuals & companies.

BUS 341. Prin Estate & Income Tax Planning. (4).

Examines estate planning documents, estate tax minimization strategies, the transfer of property via probate, titling, contracts, trusts and gifting, and forms of business entity. The coverage on federal income tax planning will primarily be focused in the following three areas: tax-planning considerations, tax computations and tax-planning strategies.

BUS 342. Marketing Research/Consumer Behavior. (4).

A detailed focus on marketing research, strategy, statistical techniques and decision-theory concepts. Includes the nature of the influences affecting consumer behaviors, values, lifestyles, market segmentation, motivation and attitudes that form consumer marketing decisions. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 343. Employee Benefits & Retirement Planning. (4).

This course will provide an understanding of how corporate and individual retirement planning integrates together for the benefit of the business owner, executive and employee. Topics include retirement needs analysis, social security benefits, qualified and non-qualified plans, rules governing qualified plans, individual retirement accounts, retirement income planning and employee benefits.

BUS 344. Copywriting/Storyboarding Broadcast Adv. (4).

Designed as a "hands-on" communication and business course, this course provides an overview of broadcast media and develops skills in basic advertising/public relations campaign production techniques including scripting, copywriting and storyboarding. (cross-listed with COMM 344).

BUS 347. Introduction to Sports Management. (4).

Includes (a)sport law - impact of the legal process on sport, (b)sport economics - how the price and market system, income and employment affect the sport enterprise, (c)sport marketing/promotion - effect of marketing and promotion on the economic well-being of the organization,(d)sports administration - overview of the total responsibilities of the sport administrator, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the sports enterprise.

BUS 350. Data Communication and Networks. (4).

Includes a discussion of distributed data processing, communication techniques, wide-area and local-area networks, integrated services digital network, open-systems interconnections, security and network management.

BUS 352A. Intermediate Accounting. (4).

Includes detailed coverage of accounting theory and practice as applied to the corporate form of business. Topics include income statement, earnings per share, income tax allocation, compound interest, revenue recognition, price-level accounting, an introduction to fund accounting and a thorough treatment of balance sheet accounts. Prerequisites: BUS 251 (for BUS 352A), BUS 352A (for BUS 352B).

BUS 352B. Intermediate Accounting II. (4).

Includes detailed coverage of accounting theory and practice as applied to the corporate form of business. Topics include income statement, earnings per share, income tax allocation, compound interest, revenue recognition, price-level accounting, an introduction to fund accounting and a thorough treatment of balance sheet accounts. Prerequisites: BUS 251 (for BUS 352A), BUS 352A (for BUS 352B).

BUS 353. Accounting Information Systems. (4).

This is an introductory course in accounting information systems. The course is designed to cover five major themes: 1) Conceptual foundations of accounting information systems 2) Control and audit of accounting information systems 3) Accounting information systems applications 4) The REA data model 5) The systems development process. Pre-requisite: BUS 252.

BUS 354. Theology and Business Ethics. (4).

This course applies ethical theory to business decisions within the context of theological reflection. With a strategic focus, the course will investigate the relationship between theological ethics and the economic concerns of managers. The course is particularly designed to help students become effective ethical agents by developing the skills to apply ethical principle to strategic business decisions. (cross-listed with REL 354).

BUS 355. Client/Server Fundamentals. (4).

Discusses modern technology in network communication and cooperative computation. Topics include client/server design concepts, software expectations, hardware requirements, service support and training issues. Prerequisite: CSC 220 or CSC 300.

BUS 356. Business Analytics II. (2).

This course extends the concepts and methods in business analytics. It provides a hands-on experience to a collection of predictive modeling techniques used to extract patterns and trends from data. The topics include supervised and unsupervised data mining and decision-making under uncertainty.

BUS 361. Human Resource Management. (4).

A study of the use of the human resources within the organization. Includes recruiting, selecting and training employees, wage administration and union relations. Focus is on government regulation of employment practices, including Equal Opportunity Employment and affirmative action.

BUS 365. Organization Theory. (4).

Analysis and design of modern organizations with an emphasis on organizational technology. Perspectives include organization design, organization effectiveness and changing organization culture, and the organization and its external environment. Attention is given to emerging global realities. Integrates theoretical knowledge with practical applications.

BUS 367. Behavior in Organizations. (4).

An introduction to the methods and findings of the behavioral sciences on the persisting human problems of organizations. Attention is given to the roles of individual attributes, group dynamics and organizational structure in determining levels of performance at work. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 368. Human Resource Mangement. (4).

A study of the use of the human resources within the organization. Includes recruiting, selecting and training employees, wage administration and union relations. Focus is on government regulation of employment practices, including Equal Opportunity Employment and affirmative action. Prerequisite: BUS 367.

BUS 369. Negotiation and Persuasion. (4).

This course covers theories, strategies, and ethics underlying negotiation and persuasion in contemporary organizations and societies. Students will learn the concepts and principles pertinent to real world negotiation process. It provides the students the knowledge and skills needed for effective negotiation and persuasion, psychological persuasive exchanges of the social contract, assessments of communication styles during negotiation and persuasion processes, empirical foundation of the discipline of relationship sales. Prerequisite: BUS 367 (Recommended).

BUS 370. Multimedia Technology. (4).

Introduces modern multimedia technologies. Topics include basic concepts, principles, sound images, animation, standards, hardware and software requirements, new technologies, current research and practice, and future directions.

BUS 374. Business Law. (4).

The study of law as it relates to business. Topics include contracts, agencies, commercial paper, personal property, sales, real property and insurance.

BUS 375. Principles of Marketing. (4).

The study of marketing methods and practices. Topics include policies and problems related to consumers, pricing, advertising, management information systems and distribution and management of the marketing function. Prerequisite: junior standing. (cross-listed with COMM 375).

BUS 376. Sales Management. (4).

This course concerns the sales and sales management functions as they exist in business-to-business sales settings. The course discusses current problems in sales management and the design of effective sales management processes and systems. Prerequisite: BUS 375.

BUS 380. Principles of Advertising. (4).

An exploration of advertising from an integrated marketing communications perspective. Focus is on general principles and broad perspectives with particular emphasis on strategy and the role of advertising in an integrated program. Students will examine consumer motivation, planning and development, the creative process and campaign execution and evaluation. (cross-listed with COMM 380).

BUS 381. Info Systems & Organization Design. (4).

This course investigates the nature and uses of various types of information systems in business organizations, including decision support systems, expert systems, executive and management information systems, and communication systems. Examines the relationships between information system use and business strategy and the applications of information systems in the development of competitive advantage. Surveys the major components of business information systems (hardware, networks, data and applications) and investigates the interrelationships between information, systems, organizational structure, processes and strategy.

BUS 391. Principles of Finance. (4).

Introduces students to the field of finance through an applied conceptual framework using problem sets and computer software to analyze various financial dilemmas. Topics include security valuation, risk analysis, working capital management, financial budgeting and planning, time value of money concepts, financial ratio analysis and capital budgeting. Prerequisite: BUS 252; MATH 115, 145, or 245.

BUS 392. Intermediate Finance. (4).

Students learn to appreciate the usefulness and limitations of financial statements in valuation concepts and financial analysis and are made aware of the value of the role of financial information in capital markets. Concepts are reinforced through problem sets. Prerequisite: BUS 391.

BUS 393. Corporate Finance. (4).

Provides a conceptual framework for analyzing the major types of investment and financial decisions of corporations. The course reviews modern financial theory related to capital structure, cost of capital, dividend policy, intermediate and long-term financing, corporate restructuring and capital budgeting. Employs a mix of problem sets and cases. Prerequisite: BUS 391.

BUS 394. Global Business. (4).

This course covers global trade and its effect on the world economy. Includes the problems of the multinational firm and the impact of numerous environmental factors on the conduct of business across national boundaries, including but not limited to regional, cultural, and treaty-based boundaries. Some elements of "international" terminology remain due to nation-based regulatory, currency, and other requirements.

BUS 395. Financial Strategy. (4).

Deals with corporate financial strategies primarily in the areas of valuation, capital structure, external financing, bankruptcy, mergers and acquisitions. These issues are addressed mostly in the context of case studies that illustrate how ideas studied in introductory finance courses are applied to real-world situations. Prerequisite: BUS 391.

BUS 396. Personal Financial Plan & Risk Mgmt. (4).

Focuses on the general principles of financial planning, including: the financial planning process, the regulatory and ethical environment, consumer protection law, personal financial statements, budgeting, debt financing, educational planning, and client communication. Also provides an in-depth introduction to risk management and insurance, including life, health, disability, long-term care, property and casualty, umbrella liability and annuities.

BUS 398. Raising Capital. (4).

Raising capital is an important part of many, if not all, businesses. This course covers many aspects of finance that are relevant to raising capital, using advanced modeling. Topics include cash management, forecasting, the analysis of capital needs, valuation, sources of capital: venture capital, angel capital, crowdfunding, IPO, and Initial Coin Offering, capital table, shareholder equity, and etc. Prerequisites: BUS 391 or ENT 301.

BUS 400. Graphical User Interface. (4).

An introductory course to user interface fundamentals. Topics include development methodologies, evaluation techniques, user-interface building tools, considerations in the design phase, identification of design rules and successful delivery of the design. Prerequisite: CSC 220 or CSC 300.

BUS 410. Database Management Systems. (4).

Studies the concepts and structures necessary to design and operate a database management system. Topics include data modeling, relational database design and database querying.

BUS 411. Sports-Related Marketing. (4).

An introduction to management and marketing issues in the sports industry, with a particular emphasis on major and minor league professional sports. Students will receive a broad overview of the structure of sports and its relationship to the dominant culture, the economy and the media. (cross-listed with COMM 411).

BUS 412. Entertainment Industry Marketing. (4).

Entertainment has become the dominant experience of consumers in a celebrity-driven culture. Technological innovations from the Internet/Web to social networking to mobile devices and the cloud have disrupted the entertainment industry - film, music and TV. Social media have enabled consumers become co-producers and changed the business models of the entertainment industry. How have social networks altered advertising and marketing by entertainment firms? What are the implications of a globalized market for producers and consumers of entertainment? What are the ethical and environmental sustainability implications of these changes - does consumer empowerment come at the expense of citizen empowerment? Students will examine these issues and develop skills and perspectives to evaluate marketing approaches in the entertainment industry.Cross-listed COMM-412.

BUS 420. White-Collar Crime. (4).

This course will provide students with a critical examination of white-collar crime and deviance, its impact on society, and what might be done to address this social problem. Cross-listed with CRIM 420.

BUS 422. Non-Profit Leadership. (4).

This course will provide an introduction to principles and practices of leadership with a focus on the challenges facing management in nonprofit organizations. The elements of the course include a survey of important issues facing the nonprofit sector and best practices with a focus on personal leadership development and implementation. Topics will include governance, strategic planning, volunteer retention, organizational leadership, strategic partnerships and fundraising. Study includes incorporation of experiential service learning opportunities to enhance development of core leadership skills and models. The assessments of student learning to be used in this course are outlined below.

BUS 425. Arts Management and Museology. (4).

This is a cross-disciplinary course merging Management, Art and Museum Studies to give students an insider view of the art world. By the end of the term students will have mastered multiple business models and will have executed an art exhibition from start to finish, including all aspects of curation, marketing and writing. Junior standing required. Cross-listed with ART-425.

BUS 429. Executive Roundtable. (4).

This course is designed to provide students with an appreciation of how management and finance theory are integrated into the strategies of the modern corporation. Each week, a different company executive provides a real-world perspective on how decisions are made and strategies are implemented in the modern corporation.

BUS 430. Integrated Marketing Communication. (4).

This course explores the role of communications in marketing management, the strategic integration of promotional tools, and the application of generic IMC concepts in various social and organizational contexts-commercial, non-profit, domestic, and international. Communication trends and technologies are illuminated. The impact of marketing communications on individuals and on society as a whole is critically evaluated. Through readings, discussions, and analyzing cases, students learn how communications objectives are accomplished through carefully chosen combinations of public relations, advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, database and online marketing. Prerequisite: BUS 375 / COMM 375 Principles of Marketing.

BUS 431. Brand Development & Customer Exp. (4).

Students will study the keyconcept, contexts & processes of brand management. This course will focus on consumer brand engagement.

BUS 432. Non-Profit Leadership. (4).

This course will provide an introduction to principles and practices of leadership with a focus on the challenges facing management in nonprofit organizations. The elements of the course include a survey of important issues facing the nonprofit sector and best practices with a focus on personal leadership development and implementation. Topics include governance, strategic planning, volunteer retention, organizational leadership, strategic partnerships and fundraising. Study includes incorporation of experiential service learning opportunities to enhance development of core leadership skills and models.

BUS 435. Fund Raising for Non-Profit Organization. (4).

The primary goal of this course is to acquaint you with the vocabulary and the basic strategies and tactics of professional fundraising. While the course won't make you an expert at fundraising, it will offer you valuable perspective about how to find the money necessary to fund operations. We also want to go from the theoretical into the practical with the use of projects to allow you to test our your ideas in the real world.

BUS 439. Senior Seminar Mgmt Thought & Practice. (4).

The consideration of classic and contemporary writings on issues related to the management of the business enterprise and the role of business in the larger society. Prerequisite: senior standing.

BUS 440. Marketing Simulations. (4).

Emphasis is placed on the marketing planning function, consumer identification and buyer behavior, marketing strategies and price-value relationships.

BUS 442. Advertising Campaigns. (4).

Advances the principles learned in introductory advertising and marketing courses and includes the application of principles learned through the completion of an actual consumer-oriented marketing/advertising campaign. Includes lecture and lab. Prerequisites: BUS 375, senior standing. (cross-listed with COMM 442).

BUS 443. Event Planning and Management. (4).

The study of the theory and practice of various forms of event planning and management. The class will be using a hands-on approach and will include lessons on budget, décor, entertainment, types, and security issues. (cross-listed with COMM 443).

BUS 446. Theories and Practice of Leadership. (4).

Examines leadership from theoretical, historical and practical perspectives. Includes topics of trait, behavioral and contingency theories; the influence process; management vs. leadership, leadership and followership. Survey of leadership theory and research; characteristics of leaders, theories of leadership origins and psychological and social correlates. Interaction of personal and organizational factors in determining leadership effectiveness.

BUS 447. Social Marketing. (4).

Reflecting the needs of social entrepreneurs, NGOs and nonprofit organizations, the course explores the use of marketing to effect behavioral changes for the benefit of individuals, society and the global environment. Social marketing is viewed in various organizational and cultural contexts, both domestic and international. Trends and technologies are critically evaluated. Through reading, discussion and practical application, students learn how social marketing objectives are accomplished through carefully chosen combinations of research, planning, implementation and program evaluation. Prerequisite: BUS 375 / COMM 375.

BUS 448. Organization Development. (4).

The study of planned change in organizations including diagnosis of the organization and implementation of organization development interventions. Emphasis on teamwork in organizations and survey development. Prerequisite: senior standing.

BUS 449. Managerial Leadership: Core Competencies. (4).

Focuses on the development of the core competencies and skills needed for effective managerial leadership at all levels of the organization. Each skill component will follow a five-step developmental pedagogy: (1) Assessment, (2) Learning, (3) Analysis, (4) Practice and (5) Application. Prerequisite: senior standing.

BUS 450. Advanced Public Relations. (4).

Students strengthen their command of the processes and techniques of public relations and apply them strategically to real-world PR stations. They apply the full process of public relations management, including research and analysis, planning, implementation, and control and evaluation, while producing a strategic PR plan and professional media kit. They role-play crisis communications planning and response in an emergency PR exercise. Ethical considerations in PR management are examined; the impact of current PR practices on individuals and society are critically evaluated. Prerequisite: COMM 342.

BUS 451. Cost Accounting - Computer Application. (4).

Advanced study of the procedures used to determine costs for manufacturing operations. Includes process and differential costing, overhead allocation, profit-volume analysis, joint products and by-products and responsibility accounting. Emphasis is placed on making informed business decisions based on quantifiable data. Prerequisites: BUS 252; junior standing.

BUS 452. Tax I. (4).

A study of current federal tax laws and issues as they pertain to the individual taxpayer. Cases are used to provide practical experience in implementation of tax law interpretations; emphasis is placed on the evolution of the philosophy that drives development of the federal tax code. Prerequisite: BUS 251. (offered one semester each year).

BUS 453. Auditing. (4).

Covers the legal responsibilities, theory and procedures in the conduct of an audit and the making of an audit report. Prerequisite: BUS 352B. (offered one semester each year).

BUS 454. Advanced Accounting. (4).

Accounting for business combinations and the preparation of consolidated financial statements. Also includes accounting for partnerships, consignments, foreign currency translation, fund accounting and international accounting. Prerequisite: BUS 352B. (offered one semester each year).

BUS 455. Ethics for the Accounting Professional. (4).

This course focuses on the role accountants and the accounting profession have in both business as well as in society as a whole. Students learn the history, legal, and ethical responsibilities of the accounting profession in addition to various legislation that has impacted it over recent years. The course will review the legal, regulatory and professional responsibilities of accountants, tax preparers and auditors. The course will also cover the teachings of various ethicists, sociologists and philosophers through the review of their theorems and approaches to ethical reasoning and behavior on an individual, organizational and societal level. This course introduces students to ethical reasoning, integrity, objectivity, independence and the use of a strong moral compass in guiding them as an accounting professional. The course will utilize a textbook and case studies in addition to guest speakers who will share their professional perspectives and experiences. There will be a review of the AICAPA's Code of Professional Conduct, and professional guidelines and codes of conduct in accounting.

BUS 458. Personal Investment Planning. (4).

Students will examine the investment concepts of time value of money and risk and return, characteristics and taxation of investment vehicles and personal investing strategy. They will also learn about concepts of modern portfolio theory, including: risk-tolerance, time horizon, asset positioning, asset allocation, diversification, risk-adjusted return and portfolio rebalancing.

BUS 460. Leadership Development. (4).

Focuses on developing and identifying the contibutors to and need for individual leadership competencies. Provides an overview of specific leadership development instruments, psychological contibutors to leadership effectiveness, and introspective evaluation of current leadership application. Prerequsite: senior standing.

BUS 461. Advanced Human Resource Management. (4).

Studies advanced human resource management problems and practices and is intended for students interested in a professional career as a human resource management specialist. Topics include selection, placement, employee development and employee relations in private and public sector organizations. Prerequisite: BUS 361.

BUS 462. Tax II. (4).

A study of tax laws and issues pertaining to business entities such as partnerships, C-corporations and S-corporations. Focuses on the taxation of estates and trusts and expands the study of personal taxation introduced in Tax I. Prerequisite: BUS 452. (offered one semester each year).

BUS 464. Project and Change Management. (UG).

Project and change management is the theory and practice of providing a product, service or result that satisfies customer requirements, constraints, and expectations while accommodating changes. Successful project management involves planning and execution through tailored communications and evolving relationships. This course provides in-depth discussions and applications of project management concepts and processes. Prerequisites:.

BUS 466. Digital Marketing. (4).

Students will study concepts related to digital platforms and how they are leveraged by brands to market the strategic customer experience. The course will help students develop an understanding of the digital customer journey touch points. Students will explore how advertising and marketing technologies interact to create seamless experiences across products and services. Prerequisites: BUS-375 or COMM-375.

BUS 467. Business Academic Competition. (4).

This course challenges students in real-world problem solving and business applications. It prepares students for academic competitions approved by School of Management in a variety of business disciplines. This course can be part of the capstone experiences in the business administration major. Instructor approval is needed to register.

BUS 469. Strategic Management. (4).

Complex business cases integrating the fields of marketing, finance, law, accounting, economics and industrial management provide a realistic view of how general managers deal with conceptual business problems. Cases include analyses of strategic, interpersonal business problems. Students evaluate mangerial strategic decisions that lead to formulations of plans and actions to achieve a company's objectives. Through examining theoretical and practical paradigms for effective management, they take a holistic view of the results and repercussions of business choices by the organization's leadership. Prerequisite: BUS 367, 374, 375, 391 and ECON-311.

BUS 470. Executive Roundtable Capstone. (4).

This course is designed to provide students with an appreciation of how business theories are integrated into the strategies of the modern business world. Business executives provide real-world perspectives on how decisions are made and business strategies are implemented. The course will conclude with a comprehensive writing assignment, and will serve as a capstone option for students in the Business Administration degree program. Pre-requisite: BUS 367, 374, 375, 391, ECON 311 AND by program approval only.

BUS 471. Real Estate Finance and Investments. (4).

The course is designed to introduce students to the many different facets of real estate - e.g. consumption good, a key element of our economy, an investment, and a career opportunity. The course will introduce students to the unique characteristics of real estate and provide a framework for decisions regarding the investments in real estate. The first section of the course provides an overview of real estate and introduces the critical analytic tool of time value of money. The second section provides the basic principles underlying the valuation of real estate - both residential and commercial. The last section of the course discusses financing real estate and focuses on residential mortgage financing. Prerequisite: BUS-391.

BUS 472. International Finance. (4).

Focuses on the financial environment surrounding multinational businesses involved in international trade, investment and financing. Covers management of current assets and liabilities, including foreign financing decisions and techniques, and investigates foreign investment decisions, feasibility analysis and capital budgeting. The course uses problem sets and case studies to reinforce the concepts discussed in class. Prerequisite: BUS 391. Recommended: senior standing.

BUS 473. Marketing Management. (4).

Focuses on the effective design and management of the marketing function in a business organization and the development of effective marketing programs. Topics include strategic marketing plans organization and incentive structures for the sales force, product launch, marketing communication and integration with other essential management functions. Prerequisites: BUS 375, senior standing.

BUS 474. International Marketing. (4).

An exploration of international marketing conditions with emphasis on foreign market research; trade promotion; political, legal, economic and cultural environments; product and service adaptability; and the development of strategic marketing plans for multinational competition. Prerequisite: BUS 375.

BUS 475. Investment Analysis/Portfolio Developmt. (4).

Provides the necessary background to critically evaluate both the practical and academic literature on investments. Stocks and bonds are addressed in market equilibrium and within the context of portfolio development. The capital asset pricing model, market efficiency and the investment environment are covered. Prerequisite: BUS 391.

BUS 476. Global Business Behavior. (4).

A review of current organizational development approaches developed in the United States and elsewhere for possible global application. Cultural influences fostering or hindering the development of effective humanistic organizations are explored. Prerequisite: BUS 394 or consent of instructor.

BUS 477. Personal Financial Planning. (4).

An in-depth study of personal budgeting and long-term planning, investment opportunities, credit, financial institutions, insurance, risk preferences and goals. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 481. Financial Plan Development Course. (4).

This experiential Capstone course focuses on the activities that a financial planning professional will need to accomplish in order to create viable comprehensive plans for their clients. Students will integrate the concepts learned in the pre-requisite courses by writing and presenting an integrative, comprehensive financial plan. Pre-requisites: each of the other four courses in the minor.

BUS 482. Selected Topics. (4).

BUS 482C. ST: Select Topic (core). (1-4).

Select Topic approved for core requirement.

BUS 484. Senior Seminar in Accounting - Capstone. (4).

In this rigorous course, the emphasis will be on the application of GAAP and OCBOA rules and regulations in the preparation of financial statements using a variety of software application. There will be numerous situations where students will use their analytical skills and prepare written documents used by CPAs and accountants. Prerequisite: BUS 453 & BUS 454.

BUS 485. Seminar. (2-4).

BUS 490. Independent Study. (1-4).

BUS 492. Internship. (1-4).

BUS 493. Field Studies. (2).

BUS 496. Directed Research. (1-3).